Miscellaneous

Camera-ready copy If a standard is to be sent to ISO Central Secretariat in camera-ready form, page numbering must start at page ii (leaving the front cover as page i), a copyright notice must appear at the foot of the first page of the tables of contents and, if the foreword is to be set by the Secretariat, a blank page must be left between the tables of contents and the introduction. The macro \cameraready alters the pagenumbers in this fashion and sets the copyright notice. If used, it should only appear in the preamble, otherwise page numbering and size is likely to be unpredictable. Any document containing a \cameraready command should also contain a \tableofcontents command (see section $[*]$ ), as the two interact.

Compatibility PS-LaTeX General PS-LaTeX is a PostScript-based version of LaTeX, which uses PostScript fonts rather than Computer Modern ones wherever possible. This is particularly useful to users of the iso style as ISO's preferred fonts are Univers, Helvetica and Times Roman (see ``Notes to TC 97 Project Editors on presentation of draft International Standards (DIS)'', probably available from ISO/TC 97 Secretariat).

PS-LaTeX was written by Mario Wolczko of the University of Manchester and copies are available from the Clarkson archive (archive-server@sun.soe.clarkson.edu), the Aston archive (texserver@spock.aston.ac.uk), me (ndn@seg.npl.co.uk) or Mario himself (mario@ux.cs.man.ac.uk). Pre-requisites for running PS-LaTeX are: LaTeX, a PostScript output device and a DVI →PostScript driver which recognises PostScript fonts (available from the above addresses).

Compatibility The iso style detects when it is running under PS-LaTeX and redefines the commands necessary to ensure unchanged output. As a result, an iso style file can be run under LaTeX or PS-LaTeX with no alteration.

Line breaking There can be some problems with line breaking under PS-LaTeX: some PostScript font metric files do not allow enough stretching of interword space for TeX's line breaking algorithm to do a good job. The iso style therefore detects when it is running under PS-LaTeX and adjusts the interword spacing to what it considers to be a better value. If you do not like the result, you can put the following command before the \begin{document}:

\defaultspacing

When running under ordinary LaTeX, this command has no effect.

Style options Style options fall into two classes:

Those which add facilities to LaTeX such as vdm and zed.
Those which change spacings (\textwidth etc) such as a4 and a4wide.

The iso style can be used with style options of the first variety with only one proviso: some of these styles assume that the document is set in one of 10, 11 or 12 point; the default for iso documents is 9 point so the iso style masquerades as 10 point for the benefit of these other styles.
$\begin{note} For LaTeX hackers: this is implemented by setting \verb\vert\@ptsize\vert to zero. \end{note}$

A little more caution should be used with the second variety of style option: since both they and the iso style change layout parameters, the end result is unlikely to look like either an ISO standard or the type of document promised by the style option. However, there should not be any catastrophic results.

Page alignment ISO standards set text across most of the page width: if your printer is just slightly misaligned, this can result in text being lost off the edge of the page. If you have this problem, use the \leftoffset command in the preamble. This command moves the left margin inwards by the amount of its argument (a negative argument moves the margin outwards). Thus \leftoffset{.5in} moves the left margin in by 0.5 inches.

Line breaking ISO standards are usually set in two-column format. LaTeX can have difficulty finding what it considers to be good line breaks in these circumstances, so the iso style helps out by executing the \sloppy and \verysloppy commands which allow LaTeX to lower its high standards somewhat. There are corresponding \fussy and \unverysloppy commands respectively which restore LaTeX's default behaviour.

See also section $[*]$ for more on line breaking under PS-LaTeX.

Sources The iso style is based on ``Notes to TC97 Project Editors on presentation draft International Standards (DIS)'' and ``Rules for drafting and presentation of International Standards''. It was produced by extensive modification of Leslie Lamport's ``article'' style for LaTeX.

Latest version Your version of the iso style is given in the running header of this document. You can find out the latest version number by sending an email message to info-server@seg.npl.co.uk with the following body:

request: latex
topic: version iso

You will receive a message back of the form

% @(#)iso.sty   2.6 dated 91/05/02 at 09:57:15

showing that the current version is 2.6.

If you have an out of date version and would like the latest one, then send another email message to info-server@seg.npl.co.uk with the following body:

request: latex
topic: iso.tex
topic: iso.sty
topic: iso9.sty
topic: iso10.sty

This will cause the latest version of the iso style files to be sent to you.

Acknowledgements The author would like to thank Tony Mansfield, Roger Scowen and Cath Baker for their patience during development of the iso style and their sterling work in testing it.

Author The iso style was written by:
Nicolas North,
Division of Information Technology and Computing,
National Physical Laboratory,
Teddington,
Middlesex, TW11 0LW,
U.K.
ndn@seg.npl.co.uk

An example standard This annex shows the ASCII form of a typical standard.

\documentstyle{iso}

\standard{1234}
\title{An example standard}

\begin{document}

\tableofcontents

\foreword
The foreword goes here.

\introduction
The introduction goes here.

\maketitle

\section{The first section}
\clause{The first clause}
Text of the first clause.
\subclause{The only subclause}

\clause{Another clause}
Text of the second clause.

\section{Another section}
Text of this section.

\annex

\informative{The first annex}
Text of the annex.

\end{document}

This example describes a standard, number 1234, called ``An example standard''. It has a table of contents, a foreword and an introduction. These are followed by two sections and an informative annex. The first section has two clauses and one subclause.

Some LaTeX guidance General LaTeX (pronounced lay-tek or lah-tek) is a document preparation system consisting of a set of macros for Donald Knuth's typesetting system, TeX. The iso style is, in its turn, a set of LaTeX macros. This has two implications: firstly that the facilities of LaTeX (and TeX) are available to users of the iso style, and secondly that iso style users should really have some knowledge of LaTeX before embarking on production of a standard.

This annex gives a very brief summary of some of the more pertinent features of LaTeX. For more information, and examples, users should read, ``LaTeX: A Document Preparation System'' by Leslie Lamport (Addison-Wesley), the source text of this document and the iso.sty file, probably in that order. Typesetting enthusiasts should also read, ``The TeXbook'' by Donald Knuth (Addison-Wesley).

Document layout LaTeX input is essentially free-format, with spaces, tabs and newlines used as separators. The important exception to this is that a blank line is regarded as a separator between paragraphs, so blank lines must be used with some care.

Commands are introduced by the \ character, e.g. \annex is a command to start on the annexes part of a standard. Command parameters are enclosed in braces ({}), e.g. \label{foo} creates a label called foo.

Comments are introduced by the % character. This comments out everything to the next newline. There are no ``bracketed comments'' as in Pascal or C.

Braces ({}) are used for scoping: any change of style introduced after a { is reversed by the matching }.

Fonts LaTeX provides a number of fonts, the most useful of which are: roman, emphatic, bold, italic and typewriter (fixed width). These are introduced by \rm, \em, \bf, \it and \tt respectively. The scope of these commands lasts until the next } so, to set a phrase in bold, you enter {\bf bold phrase}, to give bold phrase.

Labels and references Any point in a standard may be labelled, using the command \label{labelname}. This gives labelname the value of its division number in the document. For instance, \label{latex.ref} at this point in this document gives latex.ref the value of $[*]$ .

A label may be referred to at any time by use of the command \ref{labelname}. Thus the label latex.ref is referred to by \ref{latex.ref}, giving the value $[*]$ .

Tables and figures General It is impossible to give more than an inkling of the variety of tables and figures available in LaTeX in this document. Suffice it to say that almost any collection of material that you want tabulated can be set in LaTeX with the tabular environment and that many line drawings can be produced with the picture environment. As always, the LaTeX book has the details.

Tables Tables are set using the table environment. Anything can be put in a table, but usually it will be something set using the tabular environment. The table environment then decides where the table should go on the page, captions it and puts an entry in the list of tables. Table $[*]$ was produced with the following input:

\begin{table}[hb]
\caption{Translations}
\label{table.example}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|l||l|}
\hline
English & American \\
\hline
pavement & sidewalk \\
colour & color \\
prologue & prolog \\
yes & affirmative
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{table}

The [hb] indicates that the table should be set either here (h) or at the bottom of the page (b).

The caption will be set where you put it in the table environment: at the bottom in this case. The label declaration must either be inside the argument to \caption or after it in the table environment.

**Table:** Translations
English	American
pavement	sidewalk
colour	color
prologue	prolog
yes	affirmative

A list of all tables in your document may be obtained by including a \listoftables command (see $[*]$ ).

Figures Figures are set using the figure environment. Anything can be put in a figure, but usually it will be something set using the picture environment. The figure environment then decides where the figure should go on the page, captions it and puts an entry in the list of figures. Figure $[*]$ was produced with the following input:

\begin{figure}[hb]
\caption{Stands the clock at ten to three}
\label{figure.example}
\begin{center}
\setlength{\unitlength}{1mm}
\begin{picture}(50,50)(-25,-25)
\put(0,0){\circle{40}}
\put(0,0){\vector(-4,3){5}}
\put(0,0){\vector(1,0){5}}
\end{picture}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

A list of all figures in your document may be obtained by including a \listoffigures command (see $[*]$ ).

**Figure:** Stands the clock at ten to three
$\begin{figure} \begin{center}\setlength{\unitlength}{1mm} \begin{picture}(50,... ...ector(-4,3){5}} \put(0,0){\vector(1,0){5}} \end{picture}\end{center}\end{figure}$

Unusual characters Most [#!charset!#] characters are easy to obtain by just typing them. Others have a special meaning to LaTeX and are therefore less easy to enter. A list of these and some other useful characters is shown in table $[*]$

**Table:** Useful characters
LaTeX input	Output
	'
	''
	``
`\#`	#
`\$`	$
`\%`	%
`\&`	&
`\tilde`	˜
`\_`	_
`\caret`
`\bslash`
`\{`	{
`\}`	}
`\copyright`	©
`\pounds`	£

See section $[*]$ for some more useful characters provided by the iso style.

Columns The ISO guidelines ask for standards to be set in two columns. However, it is sometimes necessary to use single column text. This may be effected by using the \onecolumn command. Return to two column text with the \twocolumn command. See annex $[*]$ for an example of single column typesetting.

Both of these commands start a new page and should therefore be used with discretion: the best place is prior to starting a new section.

Verbatim text It is sometimes necessary to display text in a fixed width font. LaTeX provides the verbatim environment for this purpose. Text enclosed between \begin{verbatim} and \end{verbatim} is set exactly as in the input file, in the fixed width font. For example:
$\begin{example} \begin{verbatim}Some text with odd spacing and line breaks\end{verbatim} \end{example}$
is set as:

Some text
  with   odd spacing
   and line
 breaks

The maximum number of characters that can be fitted into a single column is about 45.

The iso style allows for the creation of multiple, differently named, verbatim environments. See $[*]$ for details.

Running LaTeX The method for running LaTeX will vary from site to site. This annex shows a typical run of LaTeX on this document at the National Physical Laboratory; the procedure at your site should not differ by much. User input follows the crumble% prompt.

crumble% latex iso
This is TeX, C Version 3.0
(iso.tex
LaTeX Version 2.09 <7 Dec 1989>
(iso.sty
Document Style `iso' <18 Jun 90>.
(iso9.sty))
No file iso.aux.
No file iso.toc.
No file iso.lof.
No file iso.lot.
[1]
LaTeX Warning: Reference `div.special.def' on page 1 undefined.
LaTeX Warning: Reference `contents' on page 1 undefined.
LaTeX Warning: Reference `special.foreword' on page 1 undefined.
LaTeX Warning: Reference `special.intro' on page 1 undefined.
LaTeX Warning: Reference `divns' on page 1 undefined.
LaTeX Warning: Reference `annex.example' on page 1 undefined.
LaTeX Warning: Reference `contents' on page 1 undefined.
LaTeX Warning: Reference `structure.general.maketitle' on page 1 undefined.
[1]
LaTeX Warning: Reference `references' on page 2 undefined.
LaTeX Warning: Citation `sgml' on page 2 undefined.
LaTeX Warning: Reference `definitions' on page 2 undefined.
LaTeX Warning: Citation `bs0' on page 2 undefined.
LaTeX Warning: Reference `lists.types' on page 2 undefined.
[2]
LaTeX Warning: Reference `guide.unusual' on page 3 undefined.
LaTeX Warning: Reference `prog' on page 3 undefined.
LaTeX Warning: Reference `guide.fonts' on page 3 undefined.
LaTeX Warning: Reference `specialchars.reserved' on page 3 undefined.
LaTeX Warning: Reference `guide.verbatim' on page 3 undefined.
[3]
LaTeX Warning: Citation `sgml' on page 4 undefined.
LaTeX Warning: Reference `structure.general.documentstyle' on page 4 undefined.


Underfull \hbox (badness 5274) in paragraph at lines 519--528
\ninrm me (\nintt ndn@seg.npl.co.uk\ninrm ) or Mario him-self
[4]
LaTeX Warning: Reference `misc.pslatex.lines' on page 5 undefined.

Underfull \vbox (badness 2538) has occurred while \output is active [5]
[6]
LaTeX Warning: Reference `latex.ref' on page 7 undefined.
LaTeX Warning: Reference `latex.ref' on page 7 undefined.
LaTeX Warning: Reference `table.example' on page 7 undefined.
LaTeX Warning: Reference `contents' on page 7 undefined.
LaTeX Warning: Reference `figure.example' on page 7 undefined.

Underfull \vbox (badness 4899) has occurred while \output is active [7]
LaTeX Warning: Reference `contents' on page 8 undefined.
LaTeX Warning: Citation `charset' on page 8 undefined.
LaTeX Warning: Reference `table.chars' on page 8 undefined.
LaTeX Warning: Reference `specialchars' on page 8 undefined.
LaTeX Warning: Reference `run' on page 8 undefined.
LaTeX Warning: Reference `newverb' on page 8 undefined.
[8] [9] (iso.aux)
LaTeX Warning: Label(s) may have changed. Rerun to get cross-references right.
 )
(see the transcript file for additional information)
Output written on iso.dvi (10 pages, 38956 bytes).
Transcript written on iso.log.
crumble% latex iso
latex iso
This is TeX, C Version 3.0
(iso.tex
LaTeX Version 2.09 <7 Dec 1989>
(iso.sty
Document Style `iso' <18 Jun 90>.
(iso9.sty)) (iso.aux) (iso.toc [1]) (iso.lof) (iso.lot) [2] [1] [2] [3]
Underfull \hbox (badness 5274) in paragraph at lines 519--528
\ninrm me (\nintt ndn@seg.npl.co.uk\ninrm ) or Mario him-self
[4]
Underfull \vbox (badness 2538) has occurred while \output is active [5]
[6]
Underfull \vbox (badness 4899) has occurred while \output is active [7]
[8] [9] (iso.aux) )
(see the transcript file for additional information)
Output written on iso.dvi (11 pages, 62512 bytes).
Transcript written on iso.log.

Note that LaTeX has to be run twice: the first run stores information on cross-referencing and the table of contents in the files iso.aux and iso.toc which is then used in the second run. LaTeX will inform you if it needs to be run more than once.

You may get complaints about underfull or overfull boxes; these occur when LaTeX feels that it has made a bad line or page break. Often these breaks are not as bad as LaTeX feels and they can safely be ignored.